0.2% L-谷氨酰胺替代抗生素對(duì)斷奶后轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的保育仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能和健康的影響

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農(nóng)牧科技集團(tuán)有限公司

查看次數(shù)：12553

時(shí)間：2019-05-20
Alan W Duttlinger,，Kouassi R Kpodo，Donald C Lay，Jr.，Brian T Richert，Jay S Johnson
翻譯：朱滔  

      美國(guó)養(yǎng)豬業(yè)中抗生素的使用受到限制。因此本試驗(yàn)的目的在于研究日糧中適宜水平的谷氨酰胺是否可以替代抗生素，促進(jìn)仔豬斷奶和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)后的生長(zhǎng)性能和福利。基于前期試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，我們假設(shè)日糧中停用抗生素會(huì)影響仔豬生長(zhǎng)，而添加0.2% L-谷氨酰胺會(huì)取得和抗生素類(lèi)似的使用效果。
      在2016年夏季和2017年春季在印第安娜州中部試驗(yàn)（2個(gè)重復(fù)），總計(jì)使用480頭仔豬在18.4±0.2d斷奶（公母混養(yǎng)，5.62±0.06kg），斷奶后運(yùn)輸12h。仔豬根據(jù)體重分為3個(gè)處理組，每組10個(gè)重復(fù)，每個(gè)重復(fù)8頭。試驗(yàn)處理包括抗生素組（金霉素441ppm和泰妙菌素38.6ppm）、空白對(duì)照組、谷氨酰胺組（0.2%），試驗(yàn)日糧共飼喂14d；第15～34d，仔豬飼喂2個(gè)階段的無(wú)抗生素日糧。使用SAS9.4的PROC MIXED進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
      試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，抗生素組（5.6%、18.5%）和谷氨酰胺組（3.8%、11.4%）14d體重、0～14d日增重顯著高于對(duì)照組（P=0.01），而這兩組之間無(wú)顯著差異?？股亟M0～14d日采食量顯著高于對(duì)照組（9.3%，P＜0.04）；谷氨酰胺組與其它兩組無(wú)顯著差異。隨著日糧處理的停止，各處理組之間生產(chǎn)性能沒(méi)有顯著差異（P＞0.05）。在第13d，與對(duì)照組相比，抗生素組和谷氨酰胺組腫瘤壞死因子α顯著降低（36.7±6.9和40.9±6.9 pg/ml VS. 63.2±6.9 pg/ml；P=0.02）。          與抗生素組相比，谷氨酰胺組豬的侵略性行為有減少的趨勢(shì)（P = 0.09；26.4%）；對(duì)照組與抗生素組和谷氨酰胺組之間沒(méi)有顯著差異。春季時(shí)仔豬抱團(tuán)、活動(dòng)和采食/飲水行為整體高于夏季（P＜0.02；179%、37%和29%）。當(dāng)以熱胴體重為協(xié)變量時(shí)，春季時(shí)眼肌深度和瘦肉率顯著高于夏季（P = 0.01；4.0% 和1.1%）。
     總之，谷氨酰胺提高了仔豬受斷奶應(yīng)激和運(yùn)輸應(yīng)激后的生長(zhǎng)性能和健康程度，與抗生素組相似；但是，當(dāng)日糧處理試驗(yàn)停止時(shí)，抗生素和谷氨酰胺的作用就消失了。


Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% L-glutamine in swine nursery diets: impact on health and productivity of pigs following weaning and transport

Antibiotic use has been limited in U.S. swine production. Therefore, the objective was to determine whether supplementing L-glutamine at cost-effective levels can replace dietary antibiotics to improve piglet welfare and productivity following weaning and transport. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that withholding dietary antibiotics would negatively affect pigs while diet supplementation with 0.20% L-glutamine (GLN) would have similar effects on pig performance and health as antibiotics. Mixed sex piglets (N = 480; 5.62 ± 0.06 kg BW) were weaned (18.4 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported for 12 h in central Indiana, for 2 replicates, during the summer of 2016 and the spring of 2017. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (n = 10 pens/dietary treatment/replicate [8 pigs/pen]); antibiotics (A; chlortetracycline [441 ppm] + tiamulin [38.6 ppm]), no antibiotics (NA), or GLN fed for 14 d. On days 15 to 34, pigs were provided common antibiotic-free diets in 2 phases. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Day 14 BW and days 0 to 14 ADG were greater (P = 0.01) for A (5.6% and 18.5%, respectively) and GLN pigs (3.8% and 11.4%, respectively) compared with NA pigs, with no differences between A and GLN pigs. Days 0 to 14 ADFI increased for A (P < 0.04; 9.3%) compared with NA pigs; however, no differences were detected when comparing GLN with A and NA pigs. Once dietary treatments ceased, no differences (P > 0.05) in productivity between dietary treatments were detected. On day 13, plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was reduced (P = 0.02) in A (36.7 ± 6.9 pg/mL) and GLN pigs (40.9 ± 6.9 pg/mL) vs. NA pigs (63.2 ± 6.9 pg/mL). Aggressive behavior tended to be reduced overall (P = 0.09; 26.4%) in GLN compared with A pigs, but no differences were observed between A and GLN vs. NA pigs. Huddling, active, and eating/drinking behaviors were increased overall (P < 0.02; 179%, 37%, and 29%, respectively) in the spring replicate compared with the summer replicate. When hot carcass weight (HCW) was used as a covariate, loin depth and lean percentage were increased (P = 0.01; 4.0% and 1.1%, respectively) during the spring replicate compared with the summer replicate. In conclusion, GLN supplementation improved pig performance and health after weaning and transport similarly to A across replicates; however, the positive effects of A and GLN were diminished when dietary treatments ceased.

轉(zhuǎn)自公眾號(hào)：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇